ADVICE COLUMN
Clyde’s Corner
WERE THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS BLACK OR WHITE ?
This question very often, quickly becomes muddled in confusion. Both Ancient and Modern Egyptians were/are Arab Semitic White (65% of Egypt’s population) as shall be demonstrated shortly. The “Hamitic theory” has been proven wrong and outdated by DNA(haploid testing) as well as anthropological testing. The Hamites have been described from the whole spectrum of Black to White(both Semitic and Indo European Aryan) to any admixture. About 30% is Black(mostly Nubian, some Nilotic), Black/Arab admixture-the Berbers and Moors are essentially Arabs with 8-15% Black heritage, and 5% all other ethnicities. The confusion comes about because Afro centrists want to claim the Black Nubians/people of Kemet were Ancient Egyptians. Ancient Nubia encompassed the lower Southwestern corner of present day Egypt(annexed in 1520 B.C.), the remainder being present day Sudan. Additionally, there were Black Nubian Pharaohs for an extremely short time frame from 800-700 B.C.. Many of the Pharaohs do exhibit admixture-Black/Arab mix as would be expected when two or more ethnicities are in close contact. Interestingly, National Geographic sponsored three professional team – American, Egyptian, and French to produce busts from x-rays of King Tut’s mummy. The Egyptians and French were told whom they were working on, the Americans were not. Remarkably, the three teams came up with very similar looking busts, all three claiming King Tut was Caucasian:
I will part with the experts here. My opinion is, King Tut appears of mixed Black/Arab heritage for the following reasons-he demonstrates a pronounced external occipital protuberance producing the egg-shaped head from a side profile, almond shaped eyes, pronounced high cheek bones, scoop shoveled, teeth, and slightly fuller lips than most Caucasian – all Black features. He demonstrates a high forehead, pronounced, narrow nose, lips thinner than the average Black, oval head structure from a front profile, and a recessed jaw (most Blacks exhibit non medical prognathism-jaw slightly pronounced) – White features. In drawing, statues, and busts, he is portrayed any where from medium brown to Black. He was probably of the exact same heritage as Anwar Sadat-Egyptian Arab Semitic White father-Sudanese/ Nubian/ Kemet mother-he denied this until shortly before his death. He always claimed Arab Semitic White.The Coptics where Christians of all ethnicities in Egypt. Generally, Arabs have an olive colored(golden brown) skin tone and dark hair and eyes. In a climate like Egypt,sun exposure can make Arabs even darker. Egyptian wall drawings portray many ethnicities as exhibited by different skin tones and facial features.
Incidentally, for those who claim Cleopatra was Black, thousands of busts, drawings, paintings, and other likenesses(i.e.-coins) of her, along with written descriptions of her, from that time period, exist.One look and you can tell she is NOT Black(did not say she was Semitic White/White either-she is Greek(Indo European White),but definitely, not all ,if any, Black either), although she may possibly have some Black ancestry. Her half sister was half White(Greek)-half Black.
   
Busts of Cleopatra from her time period
The scholars seem to agree: Cleopatra was the last in a line of Ptolemies–Macedonian Greeks(Whites)–who ruled Egypt from the death of Alexander the Great in 305 B.C. until Antony’s defeat in the battle of Actium in 31 B.C. The Ptolemies, as was the custom, were an incestuous, intermarrying peoples (to preserve the royal bloodline),also often having relations with the courtiers and concubines who filled their palaces. Many of the children born of these unions were given a place in the royal lineage despite being illegitimate, the secret unspoken.
Many believe that Cleopatra’s father was the product of such a union–his mother may have been a concubine from Nubia(Black) or Alexandria(White). Lending credence to this theory is the fact that Cleopatra’s bond to the people of Egypt seemed greater than those of her Ptolemic ancestors, who aligned themselves culturally and linguistically with Greece.
MODERN ETHNIC SAMPLINGS OF ARAB(SEMITIC WHITES) COMPARED TO BLACKS
Arab(Semitic Whites) Americans: Lebanese heritage: Ralph Nader, Jamie Farr(Klinger on Mash), and the late Danny Thomas. Arab( Semitic White) Americans: Egyptian heritage: Dina Powell, Rami Malek compared to: MIXED: half Arab(Semitic White)-Egyptian/half Black(Sudanese/Nubian/Kemet): Anwar Sadat Black Americans: Bill Cosby, Denzel Washington, and Will Smith
Clearly, you can tell the sets of men and one woman, do NOT fit in the same ethnic classification.The late Anwar Sadat, was half Arab (Semitic White)-Egyptian and half Black(Sudanese), many of the same features attributed to King Tut, whom most likely, was also biethnic.
When Blacks and Egyptians(Semitic Whites) intermarry, Black traits do dominate(i.e.-Anwar Sadat-(Egyptian Semitic White Father-Black Sudanese mother)).
WHAT GENETIC EVIDENCE IS THERE?
A sampling of ethnicities in Egypt:
The following link also shows the DNA pattern of Ancient and Modern Egyptians whom were Arab Semitic White, NOT Black or even Hamitic(long outdated and proven wrong):
Arabs have the following Haplotypes F, J1(most common & J2), L3, and V-most common among Ancient(mummy DNA testing) and Modern Egyptians, signifying they are Arab Semitic White.
Bottom line, Blacks and Arabs are two different ethnicities ANY way you cut it – genetically and by anthropological measurements.
J1 one only identifies a White person as Arab Semitic versus Indo European Aryan, but Arabs have all the other Caucasian markers. Only those whom are MIXED have J1, White and Black haplomarkers.
There is proof, of course, of admixtures to. Afro centrists often attempt to portray the Nubians as the above peoples against anthropological measurements and DNA testing(haploid markers). Genetic flow indicates a flux out of, and, BACK into Africa. Ethiopia and Sudan are each 1/3 Arab Semitic White – admixtures of Black/Arab gives these peoples a more or less Caucasian looking features. The presence of haplomarker J1 in many of the Somalis and Ethiopians negates the theory of Caucasian features falling in the ethnic variation of Blacks and indicates an Black/Arab Semitic White admixture.The further South into sub Sahara , the stronger the Black genetic influence and the further North into North Africa, the stronger the Arab Semitic White genetic influence. In between, exists the admixtures, not just Arab Semitic White, but all ethnicities.
Because peoples originate in Africa, does NOT mean they were Black.Two forms of Homo sapiens(modern humans are a subclassification, Homo sapiens sapiens), both extinct, existed at the same time- Idaltu(had Negroid/Black features), and, Cro Magnon (had Caucasoid/White features).Personally, I still favor the old theory, that the ethnicities had different origins at the same time, otherwise, the ethnicities all would have shown gradual changes instead of clearly different ethnicities whom show some overlapping of ethnicities/ characteristics:
ETHNIC HAPLOMARKERS
Caucasoid – E (only subclade E1b1b is a Caucasoid marker-all other sublades of E are Negroid haplomarkers), F(Semites), H, I, J(Semites-1 & 2), K, L3(Semites), T, U, V(Semites), W, X, Y Mongoloid(anthropologists now include American Indians(Red) and Malaysians(Brown) ethnicities in this group – C, D, F, G, O, Q, S- American Indians also have A, B, and X Negroid – A, B , E(except for subclade E1b1b which is a Caucasoid haplomarker), L1 & L2, M & N-all groups have these, but certain subclades are restricted to Blacks-presence of N in Blacks is not clearly defined and is possibly considered due to genetic backflow rather than present normally
M, N - is present in ALL ethnicities, but certain subclades are restricted to only Blacks
P, R, Z - Caucasoid and Mongoloids only, not Blacks E1a and E2 are found almost exclusively in Africa, and only E1b1b is observed in significant frequencies in Europe and western Asia in addition to Africa. Most SUB-SAHARAN AFRICANS belong to subclades of E OTHER than E1b1b, while MOST NON-AFRICANS who belong to haplogroup E belong to its E1b1b subclade. Greeks and Romans have Indo European Aryan White DNA(haploid) markers and the Ancient and Modern Egyptians have Arab Semitic White DNA(haploid) markers- subclade E1b1b. Arabs in North Africa are Semitic White, and, technically, can be called White, not, Black, Africans. Greece and Rome are a part of Europe, so Greeks and Romans would be called Indo European Aryan White. According to Wikipedia, “Most Sub-Saharan Africans belong to subclades of E other than E1b1b, while most non-Africans who belong to haplogroup E belong to its E1b1b subclade.” (Citing Fulvio Cruciani et al, Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E1b1b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa, Am. J. Hum. Genet, p. 74) The first lineage to branch off from Mitochondrial Eve is L0. This haplogroup is found in high proportions among the San of Southern Africa, the Sandawe of East Africa. It is also found among the Mbuti people. These groups branched off early in human history and have remained relatively genetically isolated since then. Haplogroups L1, L2 and L3 are descendents of L0 and are largely confined to Africa. The macro haplogroups M and N, which are the lineages of the rest of the world outside Africa, descend from L3. Scientists refer to L0 as the first offshoot of Mitochondrial Eve, estimated to have lived in East Africa approximately 150,000 to 170,000 years ago. Haplogroup L0 consist of five main branches (L0a, L0b, L0d, L0f, L0k). Four of them were originally classified into haplogroup L1 as L1a, L1d, L1f, and L1k. Some scientists used to refer to L0 as an extinct haplogroup, but since then scientists have identified haplogroups L0-L6 as existing in living humans. The formerly named L1 branches (L1d, L1k, L1a, L1f) have been re-classified into haplogroup L0 as L0d, L0k, L0a and L0f. Haplogroup L1 is believed to have first appeared in East Africa approximately 150,000 to 170,000 years ago. Haplogroup L1 is a daughter of Mitochondrial Eve like her sister haplogroup L0. L1 and sisters haplogroups L2, L3, L4, L5, and L6 are distinguished from L0 by genetic markers at 182, 1048, 4312, 6185, 11914, and 12007. It is found most commonly in the Sub-Saharan Africa. It reaches its highest frequency in the !Kung people at 69%. L1 has two branches- L1b and L1c. L1b is most frequent in West Africa. L1c is more common amongst the Bantu and Semi-Bantu speakers of west-central tropical Africa. Haplogroup L0a is most prevalent in South-East African populations (25% in Mozambique). Among Guineans, it has a frequency between 1% and 5%, with the Balanta group showing increased frequency of about 11%. Haplogroup L0a has a Paleolithic time depth of about 33,000 years and likely reached Guinea between 10,000 and 4,000 years ago. It also is often seen in the Mbuti and Biaka-pygmies.
Haplogroups L0b is found mostly amongst West Africans.
Haplogroup L0f is present in relatively small frequencies in East Africa.
Haplogroups L0d and L0k are typical for Khoisan tribes in South Africa.
Indeed, not only were many women alive at the same time as Mitochondrial Eve but many of them have living descendants through their sons. While the mtDNA of these women is gone, their Nuclear genes are present in today’s population.
What distinguishes Mitochondrial Eve (and her matrilineal ancestors) from all her female contemporaries is that she has a purely matrilineal line of descent to all humans alive today, whereas all her female contemporaries with descendants alive today have at least one male in every line of descent. Because mitochondrial DNA is only passed through matrilineal descent, all humans alive today have mitochondrial DNA that is traceable back to Mitochondrial Eve.
Furthermore, it can be shown that every female contemporary of Mitochondrial Eve either has no living descendant today or is an ancestor to all living people. Starting with ‘the’ most recent common ancestor (MRCA) at around 3,000 years ago, one can trace all ancestors of the MRCA backward in time. At every ancestral generation, more and more ancestors (via both paternal and maternal lines) of MRCA are found. These ancestors are by definition also common ancestors of all living people. Eventually, there will be a point in the past where all humans can be divided into two groups: those who left no descendants today and those who are common ancestors of all living humans today. This point in time is termed the identical ancestors point and is estimated to be between 5,000 and 15,000 years ago. Since Mitochondrial Eve is estimated to have lived more than a hundred thousand years before the identical ancestors point, every woman contemporary to her is either not an ancestor of any living people, or a common ancestor of all living people.
Mitochondrial organelles, which contain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), are passed only from mother to offspring. A comparison of DNA sequences from mtDNA in a population reveals a molecular phylogeny. Unlike mtDNA, which is outside the nucleus, genes containing nuclear DNA become recombined after being inherited from both parents, and therefore we can be statistically less certain about nuclear DNA origins than we can for mtDNA, which is only inherited from the mother. mtDNA also mutates at a higher rate compared to nuclear DNA, so it gives researchers a more useful, magnified view of the diversity present in a population, and its history.
Just as mitochondria are inherited matrilineally, Y-chromosomes are inherited patrilineally. Thus it is possible to apply the same principles outlined above to men. The common patrilineal ancestor of all humans alive today has been dubbed Y-chromosomal Adam. Importantly, the genetic evidence suggests that the most recent patriarch of all humanity is much more recent than the most recent matriarch, suggesting that ‘Adam’ and ‘Eve’ were not alive at the same time. While ‘Eve’ is believed to be alive 140,000 years ago, ‘Adam’ lived only 60,000 years ago.
Homo sapiens is assumed to have speciated from Homo heidelbergensis in the period of 200-160,000. The fact that Mitochondrial Eve happens to be dated to precisely this period has been taken as evidence of a population bottleneck (e.g. Toba catastrophe theory) giving rise to the human species. There are, however, many ways such family trees can be constructed. A tree can be constructed based on any gene, not just the mitochondrial DNA. When different such trees including the mtDNA tree are compared, no population bottleneck is found because different trees show different coalescent points. The inconsistencies between coalescent points indicate that there had been numerous gene interchanges between population groups around the world, even after the first exodus out of Africa. This idea forms the basis of Alan Templeton’s ‘Out of Africa Again and Again’ theory.
The Mitochondrial DNA provides another support for the Out of Africa hypothesis in the form of gene diversity. One finding not subject to interpretation is that the greatest diversity of mitochondrial DNA sequences exists among Africans. This diversity is believed to have accumulated because humans have been living longer in Africa than anywhere. Family trees (or “phylogenies”) constructed on the basis of mitochondrial DNA comparisons show that the living humans whose mitochondrial lineages branched earliest from the tree (L0) are prevalent among the San and the Mbuti people. The subsequent branches of L1, L2 and L3 are also largely confined to Africa, while only the macrogroups M and N, descended from L3, participated in the ancient migration(s) out of Africa.
The mutations defining macro-haplogroup CR (all Y haplogroups except A and B) predate the “Out of Africa” migration, its descendent macro-group DE being confined to Africa. The mutations that distinguish Haplogroup C from all other descendants of CR have occurred some 60,000 years ago, shortly after the first Out of Africa migration.
Haplogroup F originated some 45,000 years ago, either in North Africa (in which case it would point to a second wave of out-of-Africa migration) or in South Asia. More than 90% of males not native to Africa are descended in direct male line from the first bearer of haplogroup F.
Some 70 millennia ago, a part of the bearers of mitochondrial haplogroup L3 migrated from East Africa into the Near East.
Some scientists believe that only a few people left Africa in a single migration that went on to populate the rest of the world. It has been estimated that from a population of 2,000 to 5,000 in Africa, only a small group of possibly 150 people crossed the Red Sea. This is because, of all the lineages present in Africa, only the daughters of one lineage, L3, are found outside Africa. Had there been several migrations one would expect more than one African lineage outside Africa. L3’s daughters, the M and N lineages, are found in very low frequencies in Africa (although haplogroup M1 is very ancient and diversified in North and Northeast Africa) and appear to be recent arrivals. A possible explanation is that these mutations occurred in East Africa shortly before the exodus and by the founder effect became the dominant haplogroups after the exodus from Africa. Alternatively, the mutations may have arisen shortly after the exodus from Africa.
Other scientists have proposed a Multiple Dispersal Model, in which there were two migrations out of Africa, one across the Red Sea travelling along the coastal regions to India (the Coastal Route), which would be represented by Haplogroup M. Another group of migrants with Haplogroup N followed the Nile from East Africa, heading northwards and crossing into Asia through the Sinai. This group then branched in several directions, some moving into Europe and others heading east into Asia. This hypothesis attempts to explain why Haplogroup N is predominant in Europe and why Haplogroup M is absent in Europe. Evidence of the coastal migration is hypothesized to have been destroyed by the rise in sea levels during the Holocene epoch. Alternatively, a small European founder population that initially expressed both Haplogroup M and N could have lost Haplogroup M through random genetic drift resulting from a bottleneck (i.e. a founder effect).
From the Near East, these populations spread east to South Asia by 50,000 years ago, and on to Australia by 40,000 years ago, Homo sapiens for the first time colonizing territory never reached by Homo erectus. Europe was reached by Cro-Magnon some 40 millennia ago. East Asia (Korea, Japan) was reached by 30,000 years ago. It is disputed whether subsequent migration to North America took place around 30 millennia ago, or only considerably later, around 14,000 years ago.
The group that crossed the Red Sea traveled along the coastal route around the coast of Arabia and Persia until reaching India, which appears to be the first major settling point. M is found in high frequencies along the southern coastal regions of Pakistan and India and it has the greatest diversity in India, indicating that it is here where the mutation may have occurred. 60% of the Indian population belong to Haplogroup M. The indigenous people of the Andaman Islands also belong to the M lineage. The Andamanese are thought to be offshoots of some of the earliest inhabitants in Asia because of their long isolation from mainland Asia. They are evidence of the coastal route of early settlers that extends from India along the coasts of Thailand and Indonesia all the way to Papua New Guinea. Since M is found in high frequencies in highlanders from New Guinea as well, and both the Andamanese and New Guineans have dark skin and Afro-textured hair, some scientists believe they are all part of the same wave of migrants who departed across the Red Sea ~60,000 years ago in the Great Coastal Migration. Notably, the findings of Harding et al.(2000, p 1355) show that, at least with regard to dark skin color, the haplotype background of Papua New Guineans at MC1R (one of a number of genes involved in melanin production) is identical to that of Africans (barring a single silent mutation). Thus, although these groups are distinct from Africans at other loci (due to drift, bottlenecks, etc), it is evident that selection for the dark skin color trait likely continued (at least at MC1R) following the exodus. This would support the hypothesis that suggests that the original migrants from Africa resembled pre-exodus Africans (at least in skin color), and that the present day remnants of this ancient phenotype can be seen among contemporary Africans, Andamanese and New Guineans. Others suggest that their physical resemblance to Africans could be the result of convergent evolution.
From Arabia to India the proportion of haplogroup M increases eastwards: in eastern India, M outnumbers N by a ratio of 3:1. However, crossing over into East Asia, Haplogroup N reappears as the dominant lineage. M is predominant in South East Asia but amongst Indigenous Australians N reemerges as the more common lineage. This discontinuous distribution of Haplogroup N from Europe to Australia can be explained by founder effects and population bottlenecks.
The multiregional hypothesis holds that the evolution of humanity from the beginning of the Pleistocene 1.8 million years BP to the present day has been within a single, continuous population evolving worldwide till today. This means that proponents of multiregional origin reject the assumption of a infertility barrier between Eurasian and African human populations. Multiregional proponents point to fossil record and million years old genetic lineages in chromosomal human DNA. On the other hand very strong genetic similarities among all humans reflect the interconnectedness of human populations around the world, resulting in relatively constant gene flow (Thorne and Wolpoff 1992)
Genetic statistical calculation (2006 results) suggested that at least 5% of human modern gene pool can be attributed to ancient admixture, European contribution is the Neanderthal.
   
King Tut as he may have looked today-taken from actual statues of him-hair added.His facial structure appears remarkably similar, so is a true likeness. His dark brown skin tone is in agreement with the skin tone of the Ancient Egyptians and NOT the black skin tone of the Nubians-yes, some likenesses show him with a black skin tone attributed with death worship and the afterlife and there are also other likenesses that show him with a much lighter skin tone. His skin tone varies with lighting and dyes used, but his general facial and head structure appears to be as above. He appears to be of mixed Semitic White/Black heritage like Anwar Sadat Egyptian Arab Semitic White father-Sudanese-Nubian-people of Kemet mother.
King Tut
Bust found at the entry to Tutankhamen’s Tomb Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation(hair added)-Black/White(probably Arab Semitic), and, possibly very small amount of Asian admixture is apparent.
Statue Black(Nubian) model
Queen Nefertiti, King Tut’s step mother
Afro centrists often claim Nefertiti was Black. Clearly, Nefertiti was NOT Black, at least not all Black.
Because the authenticity of the above likeness of Nefertiti is disputed, here are some likenesses that are NOT disputed:
  
Nefertiti when she was older than the above likeness(statue)
 
Statue Model
Queen Tiye, King Tut’s grandmother
The very beautiful Queen Tiye, King Tut’s grandmother. The model is of mixed heritage-White(Egyptian Arab Semitic), Black(Sudanese-Nubian-Kemitian), and Asian(Chinese) as is believed of Queen Tiye. Hair samples from her mummy are yellowish to blond and show Caucasian features. Xrays of Queen Tiye’s mummy’s skull demonstrate Negoid features, evidence of admixtures:
King Tut Michael Jackson
King Tut and Michael Jackson(photo-about 1985-minor nose, lip, chin, and eye surgery and skin lightening to take on a more Caucasian look)-uncanny resemblance, then, NOT at his 6/25/09 passing.
 
FEMALE EGYPTIAN BUST MICHAEL JACKSON
As the late Michael Jackson (photo at his passing in 2009) took on a more and more Caucasian look, his resemblance, at his passing in 2009, to a 3,000 year old bust of and Egyptian woman is uncanny, to say the least.”The similarity between the limestone statue of a woman — which is about 3,000 years old — and Jackson is astounding,” said a museum spokesman.
A history note: The limestone bust, which went on public display in 1988, was carved during the New Kingdom Period (1550 B.C. to 1050 B.C.); the same time period as Ramesses and King Tut.
Many people insist the missing nose on “The Sphinx” would have provided more clues to the ethnicity of the Ancient Egyptians. Most experts agree that Egyptian King Khafre’s likeness is the face on “The Sphinx”. Below are photographic comparisons of the two – King Khafre’s is taken from a statue-the resemblance is remarkable :
   
King Khafre(The Sphinx, Statue, The Sphinx, Statue)
The nose appears to be Caucasian, most likely Arab Semitic White.
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March 20, 2009 at 1:38 pm |
You devils do not have a clue what you’re talking about. It’s a known fact that ancient Egypt, or should I say Kemet, was populated by black Africans just like the rest of Africa. Why would all of Africa be black except for one small portion? It doesn’t make any since. All of the ancient Kemet artifacts, which have not been destroyed by whites, display the people as being black. Even Constantine described the people of Kemet as black. Only white people who are living in denial and who are afraid of the truth will say ancient, so called Egyptians, were white. It amazes me how some white people will go the distance to claim something that never belonged to them in the first place. Like America!!! P.S. The mural on the tomb of Seti I displayed the Egyptians with the exact same skin complexion as the other Africans so please get your facts right next time. It’s also a known fact that the nose and lips of the Sphinx were blown off by Roman canons because of there black features so again you’re wrong. If you want real facts visit check out these short films, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WOZ0C4gPAI. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0puxbkOJzT4.
March 20, 2009 at 3:13 pm |
1) Kemet was NOT Egypt, but Nubia-Egypt annexed part of Nubia in 1521 B.C.(lower southwestern 1/4 of Egypt-remainder,present day Sudan).
2) Africa is not, and has NOT been all Black-two forms of modern humans existed-Idaltu(Negroid features,Cro Magnon(Caucasoid features,Maghreb, indigenous African)peoples, classified as Aboriginal Caucasoids(White/resembling White).Arab Semitic Whie makes up 1/3 of Africa(North)
3) There are pctures of ALL peoples of all different colors-King Tut as figures going the gamut from White to Black-most commonly accepted color is in the article.The Nubians were Black.
4) The Mural on King Seti I, is the Ancient Egyptian “Book of the Gates”, also shown in the article-Ancient Egypyians(dark brown skin) delineate themselves from Nubians(people of Kemet-black skins).Afro centrists often replace the Egyptian with the Black Nubuian, often times, even removing the labels, so it appears the Black Nubian an the Egyptian look identical-the true image is posted in the article for all to see the truth-GET YOUR FACTS STRAIGHT.
5) King Khafre is the face the Sphinx is based on-he is Arab Semitic White-compare the photos in the article-not an Black African nose-features of the Sphinx are Caucasian-high forehead, thin lips(NOT blown away as you stated), recessed jaw-nose from King Khafre-prononced and narrow.
6) Your links show afro centrist views when all ethnicities have been presented in Egypt drawing, murals, busts-please, view the links and you will see how inaccurate and one-sided your views are against DNA testing and anthropological measurements. A high percentage of Egyptians(30% were admixtures of Black/Arab Semitic White-again in article, but the ethnicity of the Anient and Modern Egyptians is Arab Semitic White, NOT Black Nubian).
CONCLUSION: The article is VERY factual and unbiased.
March 25, 2009 at 8:32 pm |
GOING TO MAKE THIS SHORT
THE ABOVE ARTICLE IS ACADEMICALY INCORRECT.
DR. ZAHI HAWASS IS LYING TO THE WORLD UNDER THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND AMERICAN AGENDA AND HEGEMONY.
IN 1978 THERE WAS A UNESCO SYMPOSIUM ON THE PEOPLING OF ANCIENT EGYPT SPONSORED BY THE U.N AND HELD IN GENEVA SWITZ.
DR. CHEIK ANTA DIOP AND HIS COMRADE DILEGENTLY PRESENTED A PROFFESIONAL AND THOROUGH 2 DAY LECTURE AND DEBATE ON ANCIENT EGPYT BEING BLACK AND PEOPLED BY NUBIAN AFRICANS(NATUFIANS)
HE EVEN HAD MELANIN DOSAGE TESTING TO PROVE IT.
THE RESPONSE BY THE OVER 30 ARAB AND WHITE SCHOLARS WAS ONE OF SILENCE.
THE WHITE AND ARAB SCHOLARS SAY THEY HAD NOTHING TO SAY CAUSE THEY DID NOT COME TO THE ‘SYMPOSIUM’ PREPARED………
NEEDLESS TO SAY, CHEIK ANTA DIOP RESEARCH WAS IMPECABLE AND HIS RESEARCH IS DOCUMENTED IN THE WORLD HISTORY OF THE UNITED NATIONS. NOT THAT MANY KNOW AN CAN ACCESS THIS WONDERFUL ENCYCLOPEDIA, BUT IT IS THERE.
ALSO HEROTODUS, DIODORUS, PLATO, HOMER, EUSIBIUS, AND JOSEPHEUS, ALL GREEK WRITERS BEFORE THE COMMON AREA, HAVE ALL SAID THAT THE EGYPTIANS OF THERE TIME WERE BLACK, STRECTHING FROM EGYPT(KEMET) TO INDIA(INDUS VALLEY). AND THESE ARE ALL CLASSICAL WRITERS, NOT ANCIENT ANTIQUITY WRITEERS.
DR. ZAHI HAWASS IS A LIAR AND A FAKE.
POPULATIONS GENETICS PROOF THAT ALL PEOPLE COME FROM AFRICA AND ARE OF AFRICAN DECENT.
CAUCASIANS DIDNT COME TO REALITY UNTIL 18,000 YEARS AGO
ARABS 3000 YEARS AGO.
DO YOUR READING. READ DOUGLASS WALLACE, AND SPENCER WELLS.
ALSO
A Composition of Writings
The Subject of Race and Ethnicity in Ancient Kemet(Egypt)
The “debate” on what race the Ancient Egyptians belonged to, appears to be an interminable one, popping up relentlessly everywhere there’s a discussion about these great people. So let us pause momentarily and tally exactly where we stand thus far…
All those who say that the Ancient Egyptians were Black folks:
1)The Ancient Egyptians
2)The Ancient Greeks 3) The Ancient Romans
Herodotus Strabo
Aristotle Diodorus of Sicily
Lucian Diogenes Laertius
Apollodorus Ammanius Marcellinus
Aeschylus Aristotle
Diodorus Siculus Stephanus
Achilles Tatius
Ephorus
4)France 5) England
Count Constatine de Volney EW Budge (finally, reluctantly) –
Marius Fontanes – “Les Egyptes” Keeper of the Egyptian and
Assyrian Antiquities. British
Museum”
Bishop Montgomery
6)Africa
Professor C.A. Diop
Professor Theophile Obenga
7)The Christian Bible
8)The Kebra Nagast (Ethiopian bible)
9)The Tanakh (Torah)
10)The Koran
All those who say that the Ancient Egyptians were not Black folks:
1)White Egyptologists
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
A definition of ‘ancient Egyptian’ in an ancient Greek tale
The fifth century BC Greek writer Herodotus records a legal dispute that provides one definition of Egyptian identity: a community on the western Delta fringes argued that it should not pay tax, because it was outside Egypt, but the oracle consulted in the case gave the answer that all who drank of the Nile north of Elephantine were Egyptians (Herodotus Book II, 18).
Two features set Elephantine as a natural southern border for this Nile Valley Egypt:
communications: travelling south from the Mediterranean, Elephantine heralds the first group of rocks impeding river travel (the First Cataract in the Nile Valley), and so it presents a natural communications border to the area of relatively free travel
linguistic: the area was unified by one language, Egyptian
Copyright © 2003 University College London. All rights reserved.
The Egyptian “Race” According to the Classical Authors of Antiquity
To the Greek and Latin writers contemporary with the ancient Egyptians the latter’s physical classification posed no problems: the Egyptians were negroes, thick-lipped, kinky-haired and thin-legged; the unanimity of the author’s evidence on a physical fact as salient as a people’s race will be difficult to minimize or pass over. Some of the following evidence drives home the point.
(a) Herodotus, ‘the father of history’, -480(?) to -425. With regard to the origins of the Colchians25 he writes:
it is in fact manifest that the Colchidians(black Africans living at the southern part of the Black Sea in modern day southern Russia surrounded by White tribes) are Egyptian by race … several Egyptians told me that in their opinion the Colchidians were descended from soldiers of Sesostris. I had conjectured as much myself from two pointers, firstly because they have black skins and kinky hair (to tell the truth this proves nothing for other peoples have them too) and secondly, and more reliably for the reason that alone among mankind the Egyptians and the Ethiopians have practiced circumcision since time immemorial. The Phoenicians and Syrians of Palestine themselves admit that they learnt the practice from the Egyptians while the Syrians in the river Thermodon and Pathenios region and their neighbors the Macrons say they learnt it recently from the Colchidians. These are the only races which practice circumcision and it is observable that they do it in the same way as the Egyptians. As between the Egyptians themselves and the Ethiopians I could not say which taught the other the practice for among them it is quite clearly a custom of great antiquity. As to the custom having been learnt through their Egyptian connections, a further strong proof to my mind is that all those Phoenicians trading to Greece cease to treat the pudenda after the Egyptian manner and do not subject their offspring to circumcision.26
Herodotus reverts several times to the negroid character of the Egyptians and each time uses it as a fact of observation to argue more or less complex theses. Thus to prove that the Greek oracle at Dondona in Epirus was of Egyptian origin, one of his arguments is the following: ‘. . . and when they add that the dove was black they give us to understand that the woman was Egyptian.’27 The doves in question – actually there were two according to the text – symbolize two Egyptian women who are said to have BEEN carried off from the Egyptian Thebes to found the oracles in Greece at Dodona and in Libya (Oasis of Jupiter Amon) respectively. Herodotus did not share the opinion of Anaxagoras that the melting of the snows on the mountains of Ethiopia was the source of the Nile floods.28 He relied on the fact that it neither rains or snows in Ethiopia ‘and the heat there turns men black’.29
Herodotus
Origins of the Oracle of Dodona
At Dodona, however, the priestesses who deliver the oracles have a different version of the story: two black doves, they say, flew away from Thebes in Egypt, and one of them alighted at Dodona, the other in Libya (Africa)…The story which the people of Dodona tell about the doves came, I should say, from the fact that the women were foreigners, whose language sounded to them like the twittering of birds…As to the bird being black, they merely signify by this that the woman was Egyptian. –Histories book II
Colchians are of Egyptian Descent
But it is undoubtedly a fact that the Colchians are of Egyptian descent…My own idea on the subject was based on the fact that they have black skins and wooly hair…and secondly, and more especially, on the fact that the Colchians, the Egyptians, and the Ethiopians are the only races which from ancient times have practiced circumcision. –Histories book II
Herodotus wrote in his celebrated History that both the Western Ethiopians, who lived in Africa, and the Eastern Ethiopians who dwelled in India, were black in complexion, but that the Africans had curly hair, while the Indians were straight-haired. (The aboriginal black inhabitants of India are generally referred to as the Dravidians, of whom more will be said as we proceed.)
(b) Aristotle, -389 to -332 B.C.E, scientist, philosopher and tutor of Alexander the Great.
In one of his minor works, Aristotle attempts, with unexpected naivete’, to establish a correlation between the physical and moral natures of living beings and leaves us evidence on the Egyptian-Ethiopian race which confirms what Herodotus says. According to him, ‘Those who are too black are cowards, like for instance, the Egyptians and Ethiopians. But those who are excessively white are also cowards as we can see from the example of women, the complexion of courage is between the two.’30-Physiognomy, 6
(c) Lucian, Greek writer, +125(?) to +190.
The evidence of Lucian is as explicit as that of the two previous writers. He introduces two Greeks, Lycinus and Timolaus, who start a conversation.
Lycinus (describing a young Egyptian): ‘This boy is not merely black; he has thick lips and his legs are too thin. . . his hair worn in a plait behind shows that he is not a freeman.’
Timolaus: ‘But that is a sign of really distinguished birth in Egypt, Lycinus. All freeborn children plait their hair until they reach manhood. It is the exact opposite of the custom of our ancestors who thought it seemly for old men to secure their hair with a gold brooch to keep it in place.’31
(d) Apollodorus, first century before our era, Greek philosopher.
‘Aegyptos conquered the country of the blackfooted ones and called it Egypt after himself.’32
(e) Aeschylus, -525(?) to -456 b.c.e tragic poet and creator of Greek tragedy.
In The Suppliants, Danaos, fleeing with his daughters, the Danaids, and pursued by his brother Aegyptos with his sons, the Aegyptiads, who seek to wed their cousins by force, climbs a hillock, looks out to sea and describes the Aegyptiads at the oars afar off in these terms: ‘I can see the crew with their black limbs and white tunics.’33
A similar description of the Egyptian type of man recurs a few lines later in verse 745.
(f) Achilles Tatius of Alexandria.
He compares the herdsmen of the Delta to the Ethiopians and explains that they are blackish, like half-castes.
(g) Strabo, -58 to about +25.
Strabo visited Egypt and almost all the countries of the Roman empire. He concurs in the theory that the Egyptians and the Colchoi are of the same race but holds that the migrations to Ethiopia and Colchoi had been from Egypt only
‘Egyptians settled in Ethiopia and in Colchoi.’34 There is no doubt whatever as to Strabo’s notion of the Egyptian’s race for he seeks elsewhere to explain why the Egyptians are darker than the Hindus, a circumstance which would permit the refutation, if needed, of any attempt at confusing ‘the Hindu and Egyptian races’.
“I assert that the ancient Greeks, in the same way as they classed all the northern nations with which they were familiar as Scythians, etc., so, I affirm, they designated as Ethiopia the whole of the southern countries toward the ocean.” Strabo adds that “if the moderns have confined the appellation Ethiopians to those only who dwell near Egypt, this must not be allowed to interfere with the meaning of the ancients.”
(h)Ephorus
says that: “The Ethiopians were considered as occupying all the south coasts of both Asia and Africa,” and adds that “this is an ancient opinion of the of the Greeks
(i)Stephanus of Byzantium,
that: “Ethiopia was the first established country on earth; and the Ethiopians were the first who introduced the worship of the gods, and who established laws.”
The vestiges of this early civilization have been found in Nubia, the Egyptian Sudan, West Africa, Egypt, Mashonaland, India, Persia, Mesopotamia, Arabia, South America, Central America, Mexico, and the United States. Any student who doubts this will find ample evidence in such works as (see references below)John G Jackson (1930)
(j) Diodorus of Sicily, about -63 to +14, Greek historian and contemporary of Caesar Augustus.
According to Diodorus it was probably Ethiopia which colonized Egypt (in the Athenian sense of the term, signifying that, with overpopulation, a proportion of the people emigrate to new territory).
The Ethiopians say that the Egyptians `are one of their colonies,35 which was led into Egypt by Osiris. They claim that at the beginning of the world Egypt was simply a sea but that the Nile, carrying down vast quantities of loam from Ethiopia in its flood waters, finally filled it in and made it part of the continent. . . They add that the Egyptians have received from them, as from authors and their ancestors, the greater part of their laws.36-Universal History, book III
(k)Diogenes Laertius.
He wrote the following about Zeno, founder of the stoic School (-333 to -261): ‘Zeno son of Mnaseas or Demeas was a native of Citium in Cyprus, a Greek city which has taken in some Phoenician colonists.’ In his Lives, Timotheus of Athens describes Zeno as having a twisted neck. Apollonius of Tyre says of him that he was gaunt, very tall and black, hence the fact that, according to Chrysippus in the First Book of his Proverbs, certain people called him an Egyptian vine-shoot.37
(l) Ammianus Marcellinus, about +33 to +100, Latin historian and friend of the Emperor Julian.
With him we reach the sunset of the Roman empire and the end of classical antiquity. There are about nine centuries between the birth of Aeschylus and Herodotus and the death of Ammianus Marcellinus, nine centuries during which the Egyptians, amid a sea of white races, steadily crossbred. It can be said without exaggeration that in Egypt one household in ten included a white Asiatic or Indo-European slave.39
It is remarkable that, despite its intensity, all this crossbreeding should not have succeeded in upsetting the racial constants. Indeed Ammianus Marcellinus writes: “. . .the men of Egypt are mostly brown and black with a skinny and desiccated look.”39 He also confirms the evidence already cited about the Colchoi: ‘Beyond these lands are the heartlands of the Camaritae40 and the Phasis with its swifter stream borders the country of the Colchoi, an ancient race of Egyptian origin.’41
This cursory review of the evidence of the ancient Graeco-Latin writers on the Egyptians’ race shows that the extent of agreement between them is impressive and is an objective fact difficult to minimize or conceal, the two alternatives between which present-day Egyptology constantly oscillates.Origin of the Ancient Egyptians by Cheikh Anta Diop
(m)Bishop William Montgomery Brown:
“For the first two or three thousand years of civilization, there was not a civilized white man on the earth. Civilization was founded and developed by the swarthy races of Mesopotamia, Syria and Egypt, and the white race remained so barbaric that in those days an Egyptian or a Babylonian priest would have said that the riffraff of white tribes a few hundred miles to the north of their civilization were hopelessly incapable of acquiring the knowledge requisite to progress. It was southern colored peoples everywhere, in China, in Central America, in India, Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt and Crete who gave the northern white peoples civilization.” (The Bankruptcy of Christian Supernaturalism, Vol., p. 192.)
(n)Count Francis de Volney
An exception is the evidence of an honest savant. Volney, who travelled in Egypt between +1783 and +1785, i.e. at the peak period of negro slavery, and made the following observations on the true Egyptian race, the same which produced the Pharaohs, namely the Copts:
All of them are puffy-faced, heavy eyed and thick-lipped, in a word, real mulatto faces. I was tempted to attribute this to the climate until, on visiting the Sphinx, the look of it gave me the clue to the egnima. Beholding that head characteristically Negro in all its features, I recalled the well-known passage of Herodotus which reads: ‘For my part I consider the Colchoi are a colony of the Egyptians because, like them, they are black skinned and kinky-haired.’ In other words the ancient Egyptians were true negroes of the same stock as all the autochthonous peoples of Africa and from that datum one sees how their race, after some centuries of mixing with the blood of Romans and Greeks, must have lost the full blackness of its original colour but retained the impress of its original mould. It is even possible to apply this observation very widely and posit in principle that physiognomy is a
kind of record usable in many cases for disputing or elucidating the evidence of history on the
origins of the peoples . . .
After illustrating this proposition citing the case of the Normans, who 900 years after the conquest of Normandy still look like Danes, Volney adds:
but reverting to Egypt, its contributions to history afford many subjects for philosophic reflection. What a subject for meditation is the present-day barbarity and ignorance of the Copts who were considered, born of the alliance of the deep genius of the Egyptians and the brilliance of the Greeks, that this race of blacks who nowadays are slaves and the objects of our scorn is the very one to which we owe our
arts, our sciences, and even the use of spoken word; and finally recollect that it is in the midst of the peoples claiming to be the greatest friends of liberty and humanity that the most barbarous of enslavements has been sanctioned and the question raised whether black men have brains of the same quality as those of white men!42
To this testimony of Volney, Champollion-Figeac, brother of Champollion the Younger, was to reply in the following terms: ‘The two physical traits of black skin and kinky hair are not enough to stamp a race as negro and Volney’s conclusion as to the negro origin of the ancient population of Egypt is glaringly forced and inadmissible.’43
Being black from head to foot and having kinky hair is not enough to make a man a negro! This shows us the kind of specious argumentation to which Egyptology has had to resort since its birth as a science. Some scholars maintain that Volney was seeking to shift the discussion to a philisophic plane. But we have only to re-read Volney: he is simply drawing the inferences from crude material facts forcing
“Those piles of ruins which you see in that narrow valley watered by the Nile, are the remains of opulent cities, the pride of the ancient kingdom of Ethiopia. … There a people, now forgotten, discovered while others were yet barbarians, the elements of the arts and sciences. A race of men now rejected from society for their sable skin and frizzled hair, founded on the study of the laws of nature, those civil and religious systems which still govern the universe.” themselves on his eyes and his conscience as proofs.
“It is pretty well settled that the city is the Negro’s great contribution to civilization, for it was in Africa where the first cities grew up.” E. Haldeman-Julius
“The accident of the predominance of white men in modern times should not give us supercilious ideas about color or persuade us to listen to superficial theories about the innate superiority of the white-skinned man. Four thousand years ago, when civilization was already one or two thousand years old, white men were just a bunch of semi-savages on the outskirts of the civilized world. If there had been anthropologists in Crete, Egypt, and Babylonia, they would have pronounced the white race obviously inferior, and might have discoursed learnedly on the superior germ-plasm or glands of colored folk.” Joseph McCabe
Sir E. A. Wallis Budge
“that classical historians and geographers called the whole region from India to Egypt, both countries inclusive, by the name of Ethiopia, and in consequence they regarded all the dark-skinned and black peoples who inhabited it as Ethiopians. Mention is made of Eastern and Western Ethiopians and it is probable that the Easterners were Asiatics and the Westerners Africans.” (History of Ethiopia, Vol. I., Preface, by Sir E. A. Wallis Budge.) In addition Budge notes that, “Homer and Herodotus call all the peoples of the Sudan, Egypt, Arabia, Palestine and Western Asia and India Ethiopians.” (Ibid., p. 2.)
Sir Henry Rawlinson concluded from this and other evidence that the first civilized inhabitants of Sumer and Akkad were immigrants from the African Ethiopia. John D. Baldwin, the American Orientalist, on the other hand, claims that since ancient Arabia was also known as Ethiopia, they could have just as well come from that country
The Anzac troops upon arriving in Egypt during WWI
“My God, we didn’t know the Egyptians were niggers!”
Colossi of Memnon
These are two colossal seated statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III in western Thebes. At dawn, the northern statue emitted a whistling sound. Ancient Greeks who visited the statue called it the ‘vocal Memnon’, thinking the figure represented the Homeric character Memnon, singing to his mother Eos, the goddess of the dawn.
Memnon was an Ethiopian king who went to troy to help Priam, his uncle, and was killed by Achilles.
To the Ancient Greeks; Egyptian – Ethiopian – same thing
Even the 5000-year-old Narmer palette: Egypt’s first monument, has signs that, “are essentially African,” as reported by G. Mokhtar and J. Vercoutier.
The Egyptians as They Saw Themselves
It is no waste of time to get the views of those principally concerned. How did the ancient Egyptians see themselves? Into which ethnic category did they put themselves? What did they call themselves? The language and literature left to us by the Egyptians of the Pharaonic epoch supply explicit answers to these questions which the scholars cannot refrain from minimizing, twisting or ‘interpreting.’
The Egyptians had only one term to designate themselves: [hieroglyphics]=kmt=the negroes (literally).44 This is the strongest term existing in the Pharaonic tongue to indicate blackness; it is accordingly written with a hieroglyph representing a length of wood charred at the end and not crocodile scales.45 This word is the etymological origin of the well-known root Kamit which has proliferated in modern anthropological literature. The biblical root kam is probably derived from it and it has therefore been necessary to distort the facts to enable this root today to mean ‘white’ in Egyptological terms whereas, in the Pharaonic mother tongue which gave it birth, it meant ‘coal black.’
In the Egyptian language, a word of assembly is formed from an adjective or a noun by putting it in the feminine singular. ‘kmt’ from the adjective [hieroglyphics] =km=black; it therefore means strictly negroes or at the very least black men. The term is a collective noun which thus described the whole people of Pharaonic Egypt as a black people.
In other words, on the purely grammatical plane, if one wishes to indicate negroes in the Pharaonic tongue, one cannot use any other word than the very one which the Egyptians used of themselves. Furthermore, the language offers us another term, [hieroglyphics] kmtjw=the negroes, the black men (literally)=the Egyptians, as opposed to ‘foreigners’ which comes from the same root km and which the Egyptians also used to describe themselves as a people as distinguished from all foreign peoples.46 These are the only adjectives of nationality used by the Egyptians to designate themselves and both mean ‘negro’ or ‘black’ in the Pharonic language. Scholars hardly ever mention them or when they do it is to translate them by euphemisms such as the ‘Egyptians’ while remaining completely silent about their etymological sense.47 They prefer the expression [hieroglyphics] Rmt kmt=the men of the country of the black men or the men of the black country.
In Egyptian, words are normally followed by a determinative which indicates their exact sense, and for this particuar expression Egyptologists suggest that [heiroglyphics] km=black and that the colour qualifies the determinative which follows it and which signifies ‘country’. Accordingly, they claim, the translation should be ‘the black earth’ from the colour of the loam, or the ‘black country’, and not ‘the country of the black men’ as we should be inclined to render it today with black Africa and white Africa in mind. Perhaps so, but if we apply this rule rigorously to [hieroglyphics] =kmit, we are forced to ‘concede that here the adjective “black” qualifies the determinative which signifies the whole people of Egypt shown by the two symbols for “man” and “woman” and the three strokes below them which indicate the plural’. Thus, if it is possible to voice a doubt as regards the expression [hieroglyphics] =Kme, it is not possible to do so in the case of the two adjectives of nationality [hieroglyphics] kmt and kmtjw unless one is picking one’s arguments completely at random.
It is a remarkable circumstance that the ancient Egyptians should never have had the idea of applying these qualificatives to the Nubians and other populations of Africa to distinguish them from themselves; any more than a Roman at the apogee of the empire could use a ‘colour’ adjective to distinguish himself from the Germani on the other bank of the Danube, of the same stock but still in the prehistoric age of development.
In either case both sides were of the same world in terms of physical anthropology, and accordingly the distinguishing terms used related to level of civilization or moral sense. For the civilized Romans, the Germans, of the same stock, were barbarians. The Egyptians used the expression [hieroglyphics] =na-has to designate the Nubians; and nahas48 is the name of a people, with no colour connotation in Egyptian. it is a deliberate mistranslation to render it as negro as is done in almost all present-day publications.
Four peoples of the world:
Syrian, Nubian, Libyan, and Egyptian. From the tomb of Seti I.
Seti I King of Ancient Kemet (1294-1279 BCE), the 2nd ruler of the 19th Dynasty. Below the mummy of Seti I. Now, ask yourself does this look like a mummified White man or a mummified melanated Black man?
Foreign prisoners of Ramesses III:
Libyan, Nubian, Syrian, Shasu Bedouin, and Hittite.
Faience tiles from the royal palace at Medinet Habu. Deptictting the peoples of contact from the Pharoah Ramses III
Ramsees III (1183-1152 BCE)
Race is a notoriously nebulous concept. Before a physical property can be scientifically examined, it must be objectively defined so that accurate measurements of variables can be made. Defining race has been based on subjective taxonomic classification, morphological interpretation, and physiognomic characteristics, exercises that are frighteningly akin to phrenology. Race has yet to be defined in objective genetic terms that are quantifiably measurable, rendering attempts at truly scientific discussion hopelessly futile.
The fact remains that the human race is of a single species.
“Race is a social construct, not a scientific classification,” Robert S. Schwartz, M.D. wrote (in “Race Is a Poor Measure,” New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 344, No. 18, May 3, 2001). “Any attempt to establish lines of division among biological populations is both arbitrary and subjective.” The Human Genome Project determined that 99.9% of the human genetic complement is the same in everyone, regardless of race. This means that the DNA of any two people will differ in one out of every thousand nucleotides, the building blocks of individual genes. With more than 3 billion nucleotides in the human genome, about 3 million nucleotides will differ among individuals. While statistically small, this does allow for some variation. “Admittedly,” wrote Dr. Sally Satel, “race is a rough marker. A black American may have dark skin – but his or her genes may well be a complex mix of ancestors from west Africa, Europe and Asia. No serious scientist, in fact, believes that genetically pure populations exist. Yet an imprecise clue is better than no clue at all.” (“A question of colour” in The Guardian, 9 May 2002) But these differences between people are relatively insignificant: skin pigment, eye shape, and hair texture. The physical “stereotypes” of race, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza wrote in The History and Geography of Human Genes, “reflect superficial differences.”
This said, we might ask, “What color were the ancient Egyptians?” Being on the continent, Egypt has always been an African civilization though it straddles two regions, Africa and the Middle East. It’s fairly clear that the cultural roots of ancient Egypt lie in Africa and not in Asia. Egypt was a subtropical desert environment and its people had migrated from various ethnic groups over its history (and prehistory), thus it was something of a “melting pot,” a mixture of many types of people with many skin tones, some certainly from the Sub-Saharan regions and others from more Mediterranean climes. It is impossible to categorize these people into the tidy “black” and “white” terms of today’s racial distinctions. The Egyptians are better classified using evidence of their language and their material cultures, historical records, and their physical remains because so-called “racial” identification has been elusive, much for the reasons cited above. Skulls have been measured and compared and DNA tests attempted in various forms, but conclusions are few. Skulls are more similar to those found in the Northern Sudan and less similar to those found in West Africa, Palestine, and Turkey. It seems that there has been some genetic continuity from Predynastic time through the Middle Kingdom, after which there was a considerable infiltration into the Nile Valley from outside populations. That the Egyptians by and large were dark is certain, and many must have been what we today call “black.”
It is apparent that the ancient Egyptians did not make racial distinctions themselves, but rather ethnic distinctions based on nationality. Tomb paintings depicting captive Nubians may show them as being very dark, but this is an artistic convention stereotyping a nationality, and to conclude there were therefore no very dark Egyptians would be a non sequitur. Similarly, the skin tones in art depicting the Egyptians themselves adhere to convention rather than an absolutely accurate description of reality. Tutankhamun is variously shown as being black as in the guardian statues found in his tomb, and brown or beige as in the lotus bust.
Tutankhamun
© Photo copyright Francesco De Luca,
in Tiradritti, Egyptian Treasures,
1999, p. 205
Tutankhamun
© Photo copyright Francesco De Luca,
in Tiradritti, Egyptian Treasures,
1999, p. 230
Since we are dealing with historical sources and authorities, a study of the researches of Sir Henry Rawlinson, the Father of Assyriology, on the Ethiopians in the ancient East, is in order. The following extract is condensed from an essay entitled: On the Early History of Babylonia:
1. The system of writing which they brought with them has the closest affinity with that of Egypt—in many cases indeed, there is an absolute identity between the two alphabets.
2. In the Biblical genealogies, Cush (Ethiopia) and Mizraim (Egypt) are brothers, while from the former sprang Nimrod (Babylonia.)
3. In regard to the language of the primitive Babylonians, the vocabulary is undoubtedly Cushite or Ethiopian, belonging to that stock of tongues which in the sequel were everywhere more or less mixed up with the Semitic languages, but of which we have probably the purest modern specimens in the Mahra of Southern Arabia and the Galla of Abyssinia.
4. All the traditions of Babylonia and Assyria point to a connection in very early times between Ethiopia, Southern Arabia and the cities on the lower Euphrates.
5. In further proof of the connection between Ethiopia and Chaldea, we must remember the Greek tradition both of Cepheus and Memnon, which sometimes applied to Africa, and sometimes to the countries at the mouth of the Euphrates; and we must also consider the geographical names of Cush and Phut, which, although of African origin, are applied to races bordering on Chaldea, both in the Bible and in the Inscriptions of Darius. (Essay-VI, Appendix, Book-I, History of Herodotus, translated by Professor George Rawlinson, with essays and notes by Sir Henry Rawlinson and Sir J. G. Wilkinson.)
The opinions of Sir Henry Rawlinson are reinforced by the researches of his equally distinguished brother, Professor George Rawlinson, in his essay On the Ethnic Affinities of the Races of Western Asia, which directs our attention to: “the uniform voice of primitive antiquity, which spoke of the Ethiopians as a single race, dwelling along the shores of the Southern Ocean from India to the Pillars of Hercules.” (Herodotus, Vol. I., Book. I., Appendix, Essay XI., Section-5.) Rawlinson adds an explanatory note to this section of his essay, which we here reproduce: “Recent linguistic discovery tends to show that a Cushite or Ethiopian race did in the earliest times extend itself along the shores of the Southern Ocean from Abyssinia to India. The whole peninsula of India was peopled by a race of their character before the influx of the Aryans; it extended from the Indus along the seacoast through the modern Beluchistan and Kerman, which was the proper country of the Asiatic Ethiopians; the cities on the northern shores of the Persian Gulf are shown by the brick inscriptions found among their ruins to have belonged to this race; it was dominant in Susiana and Babylonia, until overpowered in the one country by Aryan, in the other by Semitic intrusion; it can be traced both by dialect and tradition throughout the whole south coast of the Arabian peninsula.”
In the study of ancient affairs, folklore and tradition throw an invaluable light on historical records. In Greek mythology we read of the great Ethiopian king, Cepheus, whose fame was so great that he and his family were immortalized in the stars. The wife of King Cepheus was Queen Cassiopeia, and his daughter, Princess Andromeda. The star groups of the celestial sphere, which are named after them are called the ROYAL FAMILY—(the constellations: CEPHEUS, CASSIOPEIA and ANDROMEDA.) It may seem strange that legendary rulers of ancient Ethiopia should still have their names graven on our star maps, but the voice of history gives us a clue. A book on astrology attributed to Lucian declares that: “The Ethiopians were the first who invented the science of stars, and gave names to the planets, not at random and without meaning, but descriptive of the qualities which they conceived them to possess; and it was from them that this art passed, still in an imperfect state, to the Egyptians.” The Ethiopian origin of astronomy is beautifully explained by Count Volney in a passage in his Ruins of Empires, which is one of the glories of modern literature, and his argument is not based on guesses. He invokes the weighty authority of Charles F. Dupuis, whose three monumental works, The Origin of Constellations, The Origin of Worship and The Chronological Zodiac, are marvels of meticulous research. Dupuis placed the origin of the zodiac as far back as 15,000 B.C., which would give the world’s oldest picture book an antiquity of 17,000 years. (This estimate is not as excessive as it might at first appear, since the American ast5ronomer and mathematician, Professor Arthur M. Harding, traces back the origin of the zodiac to about 26,000 B.C) In discussing star worship and idolatry, Volney gives the following glowing description of the scientific achievements of the ancient Ethiopians, and of how they mapped out the signs of the zodiac on the star-spangled dome of the heavens:
Should it be asked at what epoch this system took its birth, we shall answer on the testimony of the monuments of astronomy itself, that its principles appear with certainty to have been established about seventeen thousand years ago, and if it be asked to what people it is to be attributed, we shall answer that the same monuments, supported by unanimous traditions, attribute it to the first tribes of Egypt; and reason finds in that country all the circumstances which could lead to such a system; when it finds there a zone of sky, bordering on the tropic, equally free from the rains of the equator and the fogs of the north; when it finds there a central point of the sphere of the ancients, a salubrious climate, a great but manageable river, a soil fertile without art or labor, inundated without morbid exhalations, and placed between two seas which communicate with the richest countries; it conceives that the inhabitant of the Nile, addicted to agriculture from the facility of communications, to astronomy from the state of his sky, always open to observation, must have been the first to pass from the savage to the social state; and consequently to attain the physical and moral sciences necessary to civilized life.
It was, then, on the borders of the upper Nile, among a black race of men, that was organized the complicated system of the worship of the stars, considered in relation to the productions of the earth and the labors of agriculture. … Thus the Ethiopian of Thebes named stars of inundation, or Aquarius, those stars under which the Nile began to overflow; stars of the ox or bull, those under which they began to plow, stars of the lion, those under which that animal, driven from the desert by thirst, appeared on the banks of the Nile; stars of the sheaf, or of the harvest virgin, those of the reaping season; stars of the lamb, stars of the two kids, those under which these precious animals were brought forth. … Thus the same Ethiopian having observed that the return of the inundation always corresponded with the rising of a beautiful star which appeared towards the source of the Nile, and seemed to warn the husbandman against the coming waters, he compared this action to that of the animal who, by his barking, gives notice of danger, and he called this star the dog, the barker (Sirius). In the same manner he named the stars of the crab, those where the sun, having arrived at the tropic, retreated by a slow retrograde motion like the crab of Cancer. He named stars of the wild goat, or Capricorn, those where the sun, having reached the highest point in his annuary tract, … imitates the goat, who delights to climb to the summit of the rocks. He named stars of the balance, or Libra, those where the days and nights being equal, seemed in equilibrium, like that instrument; and stars of the scorpion, those where certain periodical winds bring vapors, burning like the venom of the scorpion. (Volney’s Ruins of Empires, pp. 120–122, New York, 1926)John G Jackson (1930)
The traditions concerning Memnon are interesting as well as instructive. He was claimed as a king by the Ethiopians, and identified with the Pharaoh Amunoph or Amenhotep, by the Egyptians. A fine statue of him is located in the British Museum, in London. Charles Darwin makes a reference to this statue on his Descent of Man which is well worth reproducing: “When I looked at the statue of Amunoph III, I agreed with two officers of the establishment, both competent judges, that he had a strongly marked Negro type of features.” The features of Akhnaton (Amennhotep IV), are even more Negroid than those of his illustrious predecessor. That the earliest Egyptians were African Ethiopians (Nilotic Negroes), is obvious to all unbiased students of oriental history.John G Jackson (1930)
We read of Memnon, King of Ethiopia, in Greek mythology, to be exact in Homer’s Iliad, where he leads an army of Elamites and Ethiopians to the assistance of King Priam in the Trojan War. His expedition is said to have started from the African Ethiopia and to have passed through Egypt on the way to Troy. According to Herodotus, Memnon was the founder of Susa, the chief city of the Elamites. “There were places called Memnonia,” asserts Professor Rawlinson, “supposed to have been built by him both in Egypt and at Susa; and there was a tribe called Memnones at Moroe. Memnon thus unites the eastern with the western Ethiopians, and the less we regard him as an historical personage the more must we view him as personifying the ethnic identity of the two races.” (Ancient Monarchies, Vol. I, Chap. 3.)
March 25, 2009 at 11:34 pm |
Sunchild- your whole diatribe does NOT once present ANY DNA proof to substantiate your standing.The late Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop, although an excellent scholar, was a racialist.His melanin dosage testing was NOT infallible, especially when it comes to corpses thousands of year old. The test is inappropriate to apply to ancient Egyptian mummies, due to the effects of embalming and deterioration over time. The Negritos(Adamese) as an example, have Negroid features and skin coloring, but ONLY Asian, NO Black DNA (haploid groups). By the melanin dosage test, they, most likely, be classified as Black. Th ancient Olmecs actually have feaures of all five ethnicities, but appear to be peoples in their own classification. Because one is dark does not automatically place them in the Black ethnicity. The Black Nubians(some Nilotics) are the ones you see living among the Arab Semitic White, Ancient and Modern Egyptians. Because one lives in, originates in Africa, does not mean the people were Black(read article-Cro Magnon man and Maghereb peoples). Most peoples vary more among their own ethnicity than they do from other ethnicities. I have acknowledged admixtures-King Tut and Anwar Sadat. For practical opinion, Dr. Diop, has some distinctly looking Semitic features, paticularly, high forehead, Semitic nose, thinner lips and receded chin and in all likely hood was mixed, himself.Sudan is half Arab, Ethiopia and Somalia is 1/3 Arab. I have also acknowledged the admixtures(Moors, Berers, Hamites)in Egypt-that does not make Egypt Black. Nubia was Kemet, not Egypt-in reference to Egypt, it was the soil, not the peoples. You mentioned the Seti I mural-that is the Ancient Egyptian “Book of the Gates” mentioned in the article. There is no reason for Blacks to appropriate Arab Semitic White ethnicity and history. They have the ancient advanced Black Nok(in present day Nigeria) to be proud of for being among the first to smelt metals, pottery work, and use advanced agriculural techniques.Bottom line, afro centrists refuse to recognize anything Arab.
April 23, 2009 at 10:54 pm |
my complexion is that of the khemetian(brown skin) in the mural from seti’s tomb. I dare you to call me white. I have a daughter who is light skin from a mother who complexion is brown like mines. I dare you to call her white. I have family members who are dark like the nubian. Your position is foolish. Black people come in shades from Dark black all the way to light bright damn near white. Even the ones whose complextions look white still have black in them. Notice that in this mural the khemetians looks more related to the nubian then the other. Why do i say that is because in america if you see these 2 people in the same room you will say that 2 black poeple are in that room. Now if you say that the khemetian in this mural is a arab semetic white Id have to slap the sxxt out of you for that non sense. show me a arab semetic white persons whose complexion is brown like that. Whats this nose stuff all about. Black people have noses of various sizes and shapes from flat to pointie. they have hair texture ranging from Kinky to straight. You ever see people from india? they are black to. Ever seen guyanese they are black to. And there shades vary from dark black to light bright. Yall on some bs Nubians are not all dark black. their shades vary to. I have seen a white person born of 2 black people have you seen the reverse(black person born from 2 white people)? Zahi said the egyptians are not black nubians thats right, just like they are not the black or white asiatic we know that. Just like they are not egyptians fool. They did not call themselves egyptians(zahi over look this fact) egypt is a greek work. They were khemetians and zahi must be losing his mind by saying they were arab semitic whites. that brown skin brother with my complextion damn sure ain’t white he is a part of the black family bottom line. He might be of the arab semetic black people. but he damn sure don’t fit in the white catagory. If you think so your are blind and in denial of the truth. DNA is still in its infancy theres still more to be learned so don’t act like its all been master you babies in it. This topic is old, you white folks trying to hold on to your white superiority complex but its over. You ain’t the founders of civilization nor are you the original people of the planet. Hell you ain’t even the majority population of the planet earth so stop it. El
April 24, 2009 at 7:14 am |
El, from your comment, I assume you are Black. FIRST, Arab Semitic Whites ARE NOT Black based on both DNA haploid markers and anthropological measurements of which, so far, most of the known mummies are. Some as, pointed out, are the Black Nubians(some Nilotics to) and Black/Arab mixes-Berbers, Moors, and Hamites. There are many dark skinned peoples whom are NOT Black. The Adamese(Negritos) of the Phillipines, have Black features, but NO Black, ONLY ASIAN, heritage/ haploid markers. DNA testing has grown beyond the infancy stage and ethnicity can now be determoned very accurately and precisely. James Watson, DNA researcher, had a very negative attitude about Blacks in society and their intellectual abilities-that is-until DNA testing showed he was 73% Indo European Aryan White, 16% Black, and 9% Asian. The ancient Olmecs have characteristics of ALL the ethnicities, but genetic markers not fitting any of the ethnicities-many eexperts want to include them as a new ethnicity by themselves. Skin tone is a minor determinant in ethnic determination.The following I say without prejudice. I have never known any light skinned people with Black traits to be fully Black. I have dated women, and have friends across the spectrum and am very proud of this.Of the peoples of Africa-40% of those identified as Black have White(Arab and/or Indo European Aryan Ancestry. In the US, the percentages run as high as 70%, and, through in some American Indian. Skin, hair and eye color differences are due to a gene mutation occuring 11,000-15,000 years ago.Before this, ith is believed most peoples had an olive(golden brown) skin color, and Black or brown hair and eyes. I have three mixed ethnicity friends- two with Irish(White) fathers and Black mothers, and one with a Black father and an Irish(White). They all have very pale blue eyes, very light freckled skin, and straw colored light red, kinky hair. Their bone structure is of their Black heritage. If they had dark hair, eyes, and skin, there would be NO question they were Black-imagine Bill Cosby with the above features and you would know what I mean. When ever we are in red neck territory, many Whites and even some Blacks, give them a distinctly hateful look, but have NO idea how to react because they are lighter(very near Albino) than most Caucasians.Generally, Black features dominate until the heritage drops below 25%-these most often can pass as White-the late Dinah Shore had a Black baby in the 1940’s. She and her husband nearly divorced over it(later, they did for other reasons). Her husband had thought she had an affair with one of many Black men she sang with. It turns out she had some Black ancestry in her, her parents never informed her of. She sued her father(mother had died before she learned of this) over it.Also, if you read the article, two forms of Homo sapiens lived in Africa about the same time-modern humans being the subclassification Homo sapiens sapiens. They were(both extinct), Idaltu(had Negroid/Black features) and Cro Magnon(had Caucasoid/White features). Neither was assigned an ethnicity.I have disagreed with the experts on King Tut’s ethnicity and believe he is of mixed heritage.You might find it helpful to either take an Anthropology course, and/or read a book or two on it to enlighten yourself. Do you realize the reason for the war in Sudan? The indigent Black Sudanese feel the immigrant Arab Semitic Whites are spreading too fast and wish to annex Sudan(remainder of ancient Nubia/Kemit-Egypt annexed part of it in 1520 B.C. to make up the lower southwestern quarter of Egypt). Some of the Black Sudanese have learned Arabic and accepted Islam and Arab culture-they are called the Janjaweed and are often erroneous called Black Arabs(basically saying they are Black Whites). They have taken to killingtheir own Black Sudanese ethnicity. The black Sudanese, rightfully, call them traitors. Blacks have plenty to be proud of-look up Nok(500 B.C.-200 A.D.-700 years) in present day Nigeria. It was Black, advanced in pottery making, statue carving, herbal medicine, smeltin metals, and using advanced agricultural techniques. The Black Nubians wer also Pharoahs in Egypt from 800-700 B.C..
April 25, 2009 at 10:07 pm |
You must know the wyllie lynch program. Im going to try to make this simlpe Yes i am recognized as black even though my skin complextions is brown like the brother khemetian on the mural. He is brown. which is definitely a part of the black family. Now as i said before, show me a white semitic arab. When you say white you are talking about white people. Europeans are classified as caucasians which mean white. If you don’t know by now the haplotypes for white are haplotype 15, not 5, 4, 11. Also the white skin complextion is a product of a mutated gene slc24a5 preventing the melanosomes within the melanocytes from producing melanin from where that Dark black brother and the Brown brother in the mural get there complextion from. Your half black and half white friends are also apart of the black family. Although they have the white gene in them they still are not white. In our language they are classified as black. Say a person had 7 great grandparents that were black and 1 that was white. Would you say that person was white or black? You must think that arab means white and semitic means white. If skin complextions don’t matter to you you sure seem to be using that term SEMETIC WHITE ARABS ALOT when refering to the khemetians. If you think genetics is not still in its infancy, then show me which genes give some black people a black complextion and others a brown complextion and others a yellow complextion. show me the black and brown gene that is in the blackmans body. Just because a blackman may be darker and another lighter does not mean that they where mixed with white people. If the various shades of the black family are not a part of what makes us black, Then what makes a black person black?
April 26, 2009 at 1:00 am |
El-DNA test has also shown that all Semites carry J1 or J2, both of which are from J. J (Y-DNA) mutation is 30,000 years old originated in Yemen (according to some historians).Blacks DO NOT carry these. You are confusing dark skin with being Black-NOT true. The people of Kemit were Black NOT Arab Semitic White-again you confuse the two ethnicities-do you realise southern Ind European Aryan Whites(i.e-Greeks, Romans, Southern Italians, Iranians/Persians(NOT Arabs), Tamils of India(very dark Brown), Sotherns Germans) have the same olive(golden brown) skin tone and their features resemble Arabs enough that the two are often confused for each other?I KNOW you will say they are mixed-DNA testing shows NO BLACK heritage in these peoples. Did you read my previous answers on the Olmecs and the Adamese(Negritos) of the Phillipines(NO BLACK DNA markers) The Seti I mural is in the Egyptian Book of the Gates in the article-the Ancient Egyptians(brown) delineate themselves from the Black Nubians.
Does Bill Cosby(Black American) look like he falls in the same ethnic group as Jamie Farr(Arab American)-surly even you can tell they do not.How do YOU tell Blacks fom Whites other than skin color-you know as well as I do- they have different facial and skull features-Michael Jackson is a perfect example of an Artificial transformation- lets say he had a medium brown skin tone all the way through-I know he did not, but hestarted out looking Black and ended up looking White. In The article, he was about midway through the transformation, and, actually looked quite a bit like King Tut(see the article again). Surely, you would guess half way through, he was not full Black, nor, full White-REGARDLESS of genetics-he was surgically and using drugs transformed into a White person. I seriously recommend you read the eye opening book , “Black Like Me”.
Black Like Me is a non-fiction book by journalist John Howard Griffin first published in 1961. Griffin was a white native of Mansfield, Texas and the book describes his six-week experience travelling on Greyhound busses (occasionally hitchhiking) throughout the racially segregated states of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia passing as a black man. Sepia Magazine financed the project in exchange for the right to print the account first as a series of articles.
Griffin kept a journal of his experiences; the 188-page diary was the genesis of the book.
In 1959, at the time of the book’s writing, race relations were particularly strained in North America; Griffin’s aim was to explain the difficulties facing black people in certain areas. To expedite this, under the care of a doctor, Griffin artificially darkened his skin to pass as a black man.
In the autumn of 1959, John Howard Griffin checked into the Monteleone Hotel, located at 214 Royal Street in New Orleans, Louisiana. Once there, under the care of a dermatologist, Griffin underwent a regimen of large oral doses of the anti-vitiligo drug Oxsoralen and spending up to fifteen hours daily under an ultraviolet lamp. (Vitiligo is a disease that causes lightening of the skin and is most noticeable among people of African ancestry.)
To complete the illusion, Griffin used dyes to cover uneven areas and closely cropped his hair.
During his trip Griffin made it a rule that he would not change his name or alter his identity; if asked who he was or what he was doing, he would tell the truth. In the beginning, he decided to talk as little as possible[4] to ease his transition into the “black world”, i.e., the social milieu of southern U.S. blacks. He became accustomed everywhere to the “hate stare” received from whites.
After he disguised himself, many people who knew John Howard Griffin as a white man did not recognize him. A shoeshine man named Sterling Williams in the French Quarter, a man whom Griffin regarded as a friend, made no connection with his looks now that he was black. The only way Sterling realized it was Griffin was because he recognized his shoes, and Griffin opened up to him, explaining his research.I know you ARE Black, but it will give you a different perspective on a different Era.
Also, a case in the legagal system. Mostafa Hefny is a BLACK Nubians living in Arab Semitic White Egypt. He immigrated to the US. In Egypt, they classified him as Black, but the US correctly classifies Egyptians as Arab Semitic White.Problem was, Hefny was Egyptian by nationality, Black by ethnicity.The US classified him as White. He sued to be reclassified as Black:
http://www.cnn.com/US/9707/16/racial.suit/
In the Sudan, the indigenous Black Sudanese and immigrant Arab Semitic Whites are at war with each other for ethnic cleansing. The Black Sudanes feel the immigrant Arab Semitic Whites are spreading too fast and intend on annexing Sudan(the remainder of Nubia/Kemit) to Egypt as happened with the other portion in 1521 B.C.. Some of the Black Sudanese have sided with the Arab Semitic Whites, accepting Islam,Arab culture and learning Arabic. These Black Sudanese are called Janjaweed(often erroneously called Black Arabs-no such thingthere are mixed Black/Arab Semitic White-the Berbers, Moors, and Hamites-see article).The Janjaweed ,Black Sudanese, are killing their own Black Sudanese ethnicity, and the Black Sudanese consider them traitors, and, rightfully so.It might be well worth your while to take , or, self educate yourself in Anthropology.
May 1, 2009 at 5:30 pm |
Nature you make me laugh with some of the stuff you have posted. Haplotypes and haplogroups. Im going to respond with that info momentarily. But for now i still want you to show me a ARAB SEMETIC WHITE PERSON. which you still haven’t yet. And asnwer my question, what are the traits that determine if a person is black or not? Don’t avoide the question just honestly answer it.
May 1, 2009 at 8:00 pm |
El, did you NOT read the article-I did give examples-I am guessing you want some that have lighter skin-here it goes:
Abraham Kazen Jr. – Congressman /Texas
Anthony Solomon: State treasurer / Rohde Island
Benjamin C. Baroody: State representative: New Hampshire
Brenda Elias: Mayor / Franklin, New Hampshire
Brian Wahby: Assistant city treasurer / St. Louis, MO
Chris Abboud: State Senator / Nebraska
Chris John – Congressman / Louisiana
Daniel Issa: State Senator / Rohde Island
Darrell Issa: Congressman / California
David Cappiello: State Representative / Connecticut
David Karem: State Senator / Kentucky
Don Korrey: County commissioner / Logan County, CO
Donna Shlela: Secretary of Health and Human Services
Edward Gabriel: U.S. Ambassador / Morocco
Edward J. Elum, Jr.: Judge / Massillon, OH
Elias Francis: Lieutenant Governor / New Mexico
Francis Slay: Mayor / St. Louis
George Crady: State Representative / Florida
George Ellis: Judge / Texas court of appeals
George Kasem: State Congressman / California
George Latimer: Mayor / St. Paul Minnesota
George Mitchell: Congressman / Maine
George Mowad – Mayor / Oakdale, LA
George Shadid: State Senator / Illinois
Harry Meshel: State Senator / Ohio
Helen Bishara Huey: City Council / Houston, TX
Henry W. Saad / Michigan Court of Appeals Judge / President George W. Bush’s nominee to the 6th Circuit Court Of Appeals.
Herb Mocol – Mayor / Mankato, MN
James Abdnor: Senator / South Dakota
James Abourezk: Senator / South Dakota
James J. Tayoun: City Council / Philadelphia, PA
James Kaddo: Judge / Supreme Court of California
James Maloof: Mayor / Peoria, IL
Jean Shaheen: Governor / New Hampshire
Jeannie A. Gregory: City Clerk / South Pasadena, CA
Jeanine F Pirro, Born Jeanine Ferris / Westchester County Dist Attorney / Running for Hillary Clinton Senator Seat in New York in 2006
Joan Haddad Saliba: Mayor / Hartwell, GA
Joe Farris: State Delegate / West Virginia
John Akouri: City Councilman / Farmington, MI
John Ash – Mayor / Olean, NY
John Baldacci: Congressman / Maine
John E. Sununu: Senator / New Hampshire
John Sununu: Governer / Hampshire Also White House Chief of Staff
Joseph Nahra: Judge / Court of Appeals, Ohio
Joseph P. Ganim: Mayor / Bridgeport, CT
Lee Namey: Mayor / Wilkes-Barre, PA
Michael J. Jarjura: State Representative / Connecticut
Nick Joe Rahall II: Congressman / West Virginia
Pat Danner: Congresswoman / Missouri
Pete Karem: Chief Justice / Circuit Court Jefferson County, KY
Philip Habib: U.S. Ambassador and Presidential Envoy / Middle east
Ralph Nader: Presidential candidate and consumer advocate
Randel C. Shadid: Mayor / Edmond, OK
Ray LaHood: Congressman / Illinois
Richard Iyoub: Attorney General / Louisiana
Richard Thomas: County Commission Chairman / Hampden County, MA
Rose Allan Tucker: County Commission Chairwoman / Luzerne County, PA
Ruth Joseph: Mayor / Waterville, MA
Selwa Roosevelt: Chief of Protocol / White House
Spencer Abraham: Secretary of Energy/ White House
Stephen Kafoury: State Senator / Oregon
Steven Kfoury: City Council President / Lawrence, MA
Suzanne Azar: Mayor / El Paso, TX
Teresa Issac: Vice Mayor / Lexington, KY
Thomas A. Nassif: U.S. Ambassador / Morocco
Thomas Lazieh: Mayor / Central Falls, Rohde Island
Timothy Bryan: City Council / Massillon, OH
Toby Moffett: Congressional Member / Connecticut
Tracy A. Yokich: State Representative / Michigan
Victor Atiyeh: Governor / Oregon
William A. Hamzy: State Representative / Connecticut
William N. Aswad: State Representative / Vermont
TRAITS
Negroid(Black) characteristics – broad and round nasal cavity; no dam or nasal sill; Quonset hut-shaped nasal bones; notable facial projection in the jaw and mouth area (non medical prognathism); a rectangular-shaped palate; a square or rectangular eye orbit shape; and large, megadontic teeth. Thick lips, flat, medium to broad nose, almond shaped medium to large, eyes, medium brown to almost black skin, medium to thick, kinky hair- shades of black to brown, broad, high cheek bones, and a prominent occipital protuberance. Larger lower lumbar curvature, more prominent fatty pads of the buttocks(particularly women-Hottentot women is very exaggerated)
Caucasoid(White) characteristics – have no prognathism (a receded chin); a notable size prominence of the cranium and forehead region; a narrow, tear-shaped nasal cavity; a “silled” nasal aperture; tower-shaped nasal bones; a triangular-shaped palate; and an angular and sloping elliptical eye orbit shape. small teeth.Thin to medium lips,small to medium, narrow noses(Semites-MOST often very large and very prominent),elliptical small to medium eyes, light to olive(golden brown) skin(especially Semites and southern Europeans-the Tamils of India, have very dark brown skin), thin to medium fine straight to wavy hair ( rarely curly) any color. Shallow narrow, low to medium bones and a small or no existent external occipital protuberance. Small to medium lower lumbar curvature, small to medium fatty pads of the buttock.
There is some natural, but, not significant variation. When it is significant, it is due to admixture. Blacks do not have the genes for different hair, eye, and skin color(in Whites, actually due to gene mutations occurring 11,000 to 13,000 years ago)-when it does occur in “so called” Blacks, it is due to admixture and/or genetic
mutation. In America, 70 % of the % “Blacks” and 30 % of the “Whites are admixed. In Africa, about 70 % of the”Blacks” mixed and 40% of the “Whites” are mixed are. Ethiopians, Somalians, and, Sudanese(Sudan is actually part of Arab Semitic White North Africa-Sudan is 50 % Arab), have more Caucasian features due to mixing with Arabs-the late Anwar Sadat(Egyptian), models Iman(Somalian), and Lila Kebede(Ethiopian), have Arab Semitic White fathers and Black mothers.
May 1, 2009 at 11:23 pm |
NATURES LINK The following link also shows the DNA pattern of Ancient and Modern Egyptians whom were Arab Semitic White, NOT Black or even Hamitic(long outdated and proven wrong):
NATURE CONTINUES
WHERE THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS BLACK OR WHITE ?
This question very often, quickly becomes muddled in confusion. Both Ancient and Modern Egyptians were/are Arab Semitic White (65% of Egypt’s )….. AGAIN NATURE SAYS FIRST, Arab Semitic Whites ARE NOT Black based on both DNA haploid markers and anthropological….. THEN NATURE RESPONDS TO MY COMMENT SAYINGThe people of Kemit were Black NOT Arab Semitic White-again you confuse the two ethnicities-do you realise southern Ind…. OF COURSE THE PEOPLE OF KEMET WERE BLACK NATURE THATS WHAT THE COMMENTS HAVE BEEN SAYING TO YOU. YOU AGREE, WE AGREE CASE CLOSED. Now as for these list of americans that you have given me, are you saying they are from arabia? Or do they speak arabic. what is a arab? AND SHOW ME THE WHITE SEMETIC ARAB IN THE BOOK OF GATES FROM THE MURAL OF SETI. IF ONE OF THEM WHITE FELLOWS ON THE MURAL IS LABLED A WHITE SEMETIC IT SURE AIN’T THE KHEMETIAN, THIS WE KNOW FOR SURE CAUSE THE BROWN SKIN BROTHER IS NOT WHITE. I AGREE WITH YOU THERE MAY HAVE BEEN SOME WHITE SEMITES THERE AND MAYBE EVEN SOME BLACK SEMITES. BUT THE ONE THAT IS KHEMETIAN DOESN’T FIT IN THAT CATAGORY DOES HE? I’LL TELL YOU WHAT, SHOW ME SOME OF THE MURALS OF THESE WHITE ARAB SEMETICS IN KHEMET AND I’LL SHOW YOU THE WHITES THAT WERE CLASSIFIED AS FOREIGNERS IN KHEMET. I KNOW YOU WILL SAY THAT THE NUBIAN IS A FOREIGNER AS WELL. HOW EVER IN OUR HOODS HE JUST ANOTHER BROTHER FROM THE HOODS. YOU STILL HAVE NOT SHOWED ME THE GENES THAT MAKES ONE BLACK PERSON DARK BROWN ANOTHER BROWN ANOTHER LIGHT BROWN AND ANOTHER YELLOW. Are you attributing this to mixing of races? I checked your comparisons between greeks, romans, southern italians, etc…with the tamils of india. Again your are trying to call our brothers and sisters caucasiod. Amoungst the tamil’s i saw a sea of black people with straight hair and this is not because of white blood in them. then i looked at pictures of people in southern germany found 1 brown skin sister and 1 black skin sister amoungst a sea of what we would classify as WHITE FOLKS. same with greeks and southern italians. Its like a black dot on a white page. In other words the majoritity population in those european countries you named are white and not brown and black skinned. NATURE SAYS ALSO El-DNA test has also shown that all Semites carry J1 or J2, both of which are from J. J (Y-DNA) mutation is 30,000 years old originated in Yemen (according to some historians).BLACKS DO NOT CARRY THESE. You are confusing dark skin with being Black-NOT true. OK NATURE LET ME NAME JUST OF FEW OF MY BLACK BROTHERS THAT RANGE FROM JET BLACK TO LIGHT SKIN THAT HAVE THESE J1 IN THERE DNA. THE BROTHERS FROM NORTH AFRICA AND ETHIOPIA THE J1(M267) HAVE THE HIGHEST FREQUENCY AND In EUROPE IT IS THE LOWEST. ALSO HAPLOGROUPS F,I,J,K,AND R ARE MORE FREQUENT AMONG AFRO ASIATIC(SEMETIC) GROUPS INCLUDING THE ARABS, BEJA, COPTS, AND HAUSA, AND NIGER-CONGO SPEAKERS FROM THE FULANI ETHNIC GROUP. NOTICE THE J IS AMOUNGST THIS GROUP.Source from AJ OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2008 Y-CHROMOSOME VARIATION AMONG SUDANESE ALSO IN THE REPORT IT TELLS US THE J12F2 HAS A HIGH FREQUENCY AMOUNG NUBIANS, COPTS, ARABS. I CAN UNDERSTAND THIS BECAUSE THESE BROTHER ARE BLACK(VARYING IN THE SHADES OF BLACK BROWN YELLOW AND LIGHT BRIGHT DAMN NEAR WHITE BUT MOSTLY BLACK AND BROWN AND YELLOW SHADES (I KNOW THESE BROTHER PERSONALY) . Soon you will find that all these genes have there origin with the black family. White people did not get here from nothing they came from the black people not from monkeys as this foolish evolutionary theory assumes. And if you came from the black you got to have some of what we got